The best way to keep this sorted out in your head is Dana/Spicer Model 41 the brake drum is inboard of the hub and retained by the studs. Dana/Spicer Model 44 the drum is outboard of the hub and retained with three flush screws.
The change from the 41 to 44 was a Dana/Spicer change not Willys or Kaiser.
It has always been suspected that some very early M38's came with 41's. The six pilot model M38's came with the wwII and early CJ2A style full floater rear end the Dana/Spicer model 25-2.
Willys dropped the use of the 41 in 1948/49 on the open bodied jeep series but many were still stocked on the production line.
The TM's and ORD's address the 44 except the very first M38 TM 9-804 which shows a 44 rear axle but all references to the drums/hubs are clearly 41. So the manual with confusion issues is the TM 9-804 and the rest are correct by showing only the 44. The illustration is from the CJ service manual and is a CJ2A mdl 41. It is quite possible the M38 version of the 41 came with sealing caps for the ends of the shafts.
This would be the ideal moment for you to post detailed photos of both sides of your axle and it's rear cover and model stamp.
This is what TM 9-804 has to say about the drums"
TM 9-8012 says three countersunk screws retain the drum on pages 251 thru 253.
